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此笔记内容所使用的安装包是tar.gz的包，不是rpm和在线安装。版本是mysql5系列的。
mariadb是mysql的一个分支，但要安装mysql需要删除它
rpm -qa|grep mariadb,查看mariadb情况，有就删除 rpm -e -nodeps mariadb....名字rpm -qa |grep mysql 查看是否已经有mysql有就删除rpm -qa|grep mariadb 显示：mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
查看自己的linux的版本
uname -a 查多少位系统 getconf LONG_BIT 到官网找对应的版本下载.并传到服务器上。cp mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local tar -xvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
把解压后的文件夹重命名 为mysql。（这是linux下默认的mysql安装目录）
mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
注意：一定要解压在 usr/local下，并且名为mysql 否则还需要修改配置文件
groupadd mysql和useradd -r -g mysql mysql#给mysql添加密码passwd mysql
1.复制 cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf （my.cnf是mysql默认配置文件，没有就自己新建一个my.cnf）
2.编辑 my.cnf 解决乱码问题 vi /etc/my.cnf 加上下面内容[mysql]# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集default-character-set=utf8[mysqld_safe]log-error =/usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log[mysqld]skip-name-resolve#设置3306端口port=3306# 设置mysql的安装目录basedir=/usr/local/mysql# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data# 允许最大连接数max_connections=200# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集character-set-server=utf8# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎default-storage-engine=INNODBlower_case_table_names=1max_allowed_packet=16M
3.复制mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/ 目录下 【把启动脚本放在初始化目录，可以直接service mysql start 这样启动mysql】
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql （mysql是服务名）
4.修改/etc/init.d/mysql 参数
输入命令 vi /etc/init.d/mysql 添加两个目录位置basedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
5.给目录/usr/local/mysql 更改拥有者
输入命令chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql/
6.初始化如果出错就手动创建错误信息中的文件
在bin文件夹下执行 ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #会自动创建配置中的文件夹 可能需要手动创建 /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log老版本：
进入mysql下的scripts ,如果你看到mysql_install_db 就输命令 ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --initialize 生成出一个data目录，代表数据库已经初始化成功。新版本：
输入命令 ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestampservice mysql start
如遇到错误：
Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid). 解决方法 ：原因是没有初始化成功，返回完成初始化步骤。ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql
启动客户端：mysql -uroot -pvi /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/export PATH=\$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
配置好mysql环境变量后，我们往后登录mysql就不用再去到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录才能登录了，现在可以在任意目录下登录mysql了
执行：
chkconfig --add mysqlchkconfig --level 35 mysql onchkconfig --list mysqlchmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
1、添加mysql服务
输入命令 chkconfig --add mysql 【mysqld -install】 2、设置mysql服务为自动 输入命令 chkconfig mysql on重置MySQL中root用户密码及验证
service mysql stopkillall -TERM mysqldmysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
进入mysql后运行
UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('your pass') where USER='root';FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 退出，启动Mysql 服务
正常登录进入mysql后 还需 执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your pass'); 才能正常执行所有语句。
方式一GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO'your username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password' WITH GRANT OPTION;方式二update user set host='%' where user='root';可以创建新用户create user 'xxx'@'%' identified by '123';查看用户列表 localhost只有本地能访问， %可以远程访问。select host,user from user;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service14.附录：linux错误代码
errno.00 is: Success 成功
errno.01 is: Operation not permitted 不允许此类操作 errno.02 is: No such file or directory 没有此文件或目录 errno.03 is: No such process 没有此进程 errno.04 is: Interrupted system call 中断系统调用 errno.05 is: Input/output error 输入输出错误 errno.06 is: No such device or address 没有此设备或地址 errno.07 is: Argument list too long 参数过长 errno.08 is: Exec format error 执行格式错误 errno.09 is: Bad file descriptor 无效的文件描述符 errno.10 is: No child processes 不存在子进程 errno.11 is: Resource temporarily unavailable 资源暂时不可用 errno.12 is: Cannot allocate memory 分配内存失败 errno.13 is: Permission denied 权限错误 errno.14 is: Bad address 地址错误 errno.15 is: Block device required 块设备请求 errno.16 is: Device or resource busy 设备或资源忙 errno.17 is: File exists 文件已经存在 errno.18 is: Invalid cross-device link 无效的交叉连接设备 errno.19 is: No such device 没有此设备 errno.20 is: Not a directory 不是一个目录 errno.21 is: Is a directory 是一个目录 errno.22 is: Invalid argument 参数非法 errno.23 is: Too many open files in system 系统打开文件太多 errno.24 is: Too many open files 打开文件太多 errno.25 is: Inappropriate ioctl for device 设备部支持该操作 errno.26 is: Text file busy 文本文件忙 errno.27 is: File too large 文件太大 errno.28 is: No space left on device 设备没有空间，一般为存储设备 errno.29 is: Illegal seek 非法的seek操作 errno.30 is: Read-only file system 只读文件系统 errno.31 is: Too many links 太多连接 errno.32 is: Broken pipe 管道破裂 errno.33 is: Numerical argument out of domain 数值参数超出取值范围 errno.34 is: Numerical result out of range 数值结果超出取值范围 errno.35 is: Resource deadlock avoided 资源死锁 errno.36 is: File name too long 文件名太长 errno.37 is: No locks available 没有可用的锁 errno.38 is: Function not implemented 函数没有执行 errno.39 is: Directory not empty 目录非空 errno.40 is: Too many levels of symbolic links 太多级符号连接 errno.41 is: Unknown error 41 41未知错误 errno.42 is: No message of desired type 不被接受的消息类型 errno.43 is: Identifier removed 标识符已被删除 errno.44 is: Channel number out of range 。。。 errno.45 is: Level 2 not synchronized errno.46 is: Level 3 halted errno.47 is: Level 3 reset errno.48 is: Link number out of range errno.49 is: Protocol driver not attached errno.50 is: No CSI structure available errno.51 is: Level 2 halted errno.52 is: Invalid exchange errno.53 is: Invalid request descriptor errno.54 is: Exchange full errno.55 is: No anode errno.56 is: Invalid request code errno.57 is: Invalid slot errno.58 is: Unknown error 58 errno.59 is: Bad font file format errno.60 is: Device not a stream errno.61 is: No data available errno.62 is: Timer expired errno.63 is: Out of streams resources errno.64 is: Machine is not on the network errno.65 is: Package not installed errno.66 is: Object is remote errno.67 is: Link has been severed errno.68 is: Advertise error errno.69 is: Srmount error errno.70 is: Communication error on send errno.71 is: Protocol error errno.72 is: Multihop attempted errno.73 is: RFS specific error errno.74 is: Bad message errno.75 is: Value too large for defined data type errno.76 is: Name not unique on network errno.77 is: File descriptor in bad state errno.78 is: Remote address changed errno.79 is: Can not access a needed shared library errno.80 is: Accessing a corrupted shared library errno.81 is: .lib secion in a.out corrupted errno.82 is: Attempting to link in too many shared libraries errno.83 is: Cannot exec a shared library directly errno.84 is: Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character errno.85 is: Interrupted system call should be restarted errno.86 is: Streams pipe error errno.87 is: Too many users errno.88 is: Socket operation on non-socket errno.89 is: Destination address required errno.90 is: Message too long errno.91 is: Protocol wrong type for socket errno.92 is: Protocol not available errno.93 is: Protocol not supported errno.94 is: Socket type not supported errno.95 is: Operation not supported errno.96 is: Protocol family not supported errno.97 is: Address family not supported by protocol errno.98 is: Address already in use errno.99 is: Cannot assign requested address errno.100 is: Network is down errno.101 is: Network is unreachable errno.102 is: Network dropped connection on reset errno.103 is: Software caused connection abort errno.104 is: Connection reset by peer errno.105 is: No buffer space available errno.106 is: Transport endpoint is already connected errno.107 is: Transport endpoint is not connected errno.108 is: Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown errno.109 is: Too many references: cannot splice errno.110 is: Connection timed out errno.111 is: Connection refused errno.112 is: Host is down errno.113 is: No route to host errno.114 is: Operation already in progress errno.115 is: Operation now in progress errno.116 is: Stale NFS file handle errno.117 is: Structure needs cleaning errno.118 is: Not a XENIX named type file errno.119 is: No XENIX semaphores available errno.120 is: Is a named type file errno.121 is: Remote I/O error errno.122 is: Disk quota exceeded errno.123 is: No medium found errno.124 is: Wrong medium type errno.125 is: Operation canceled errno.126 is: Required key not available errno.127 is: Key has expired errno.128 is: Key has been revoked errno.129 is: Key was rejected by service errno.130 is: Owner died errno.131 is: State not recoverable errno.132 is: Unknown error 132 132-255全是Unknown error 转载自：https://www.jianshu.com/p/68b86f88aa90